TZDs, such as pioglitazone (Takagi et al., 2002), troglitazone (Su et al., 1999), and rosiglitazone (Su et al., 1999; Cuzzocrea et al., 2003; Ramakers et al., 2007), also provide protection in mouse models of colitis or colon cancer cell lines, suggesting that colonic PPARγ may be a potential therapeutic approach against UC in humans. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and colitis.