TGFB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Likewise, potent immunoregulatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), can be increased in the gut compared with healthy guts (Schreiber et al., 1995), along with IL-17 expression, which is expressed by most patients with IBD (Sutherland et al., 2014).