In addition, we used KEGG-GSEA to analyze gene enrichment in the high-risk group of the training cohort, the results show that the main enrichment of genes associated with tumor pathway, such as adheres junction, P53 signaling pathway, pancreatic cancer, TGF-β signaling pathway and so on (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.