LAMA3 and neoplasm: In head and neck cancers, hypoxia-induced laminin α3 chain alternative splicing and expression of the splice variant LAMA3 isoform has been implicated in tumour invasion and metastatic progression [222] as has hypoxia alteration of the PTBP-1-regulated alternative splice equilibrium between invasion and motility promoting protein cortactin and its invasion/migration inhibiting alternative exon 11 inclusion spliced isoform (Fig. 5a )[223, 224].