PKM and neoplasm: SiRNA hnRNPA1 knockdown inhibits HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, promotes alternative PKM2 splicing and induces glycolysis, which influences glucose-dependent HnRNPA1 acetylation, de-acetylated under glucose starvation conditions by SIRT1 and SIRT6 sirtuins, which inhibit glycolysis by reducing PKM2 and increasing PMK1 expression, implicating an adaptive hnRNPA1 acetylation-regulated metabolic reprogramming mechanism for HCC metabolic adaptation, proliferation and tumourigenesis, within nutrient-deprived tumour microenvironments (Fig. 6a) [321].