Specifically, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages and regulatory B (Breg) cells were known to show differential effects on the TME: M2 macrophages and Breg were involved in immune evasion, and reduced the sensitivity to immune-checkpoint inhibitors, while M1 macrophages along with CD8+ T cells and DC played roles in anti-tumor activity19,20. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.