Besides, compared to healthy controls, we showed the higher expression of MDA5 (Fig. 1c, d) and IFN-β (Fig. 1e) in perilesional epidermis of vitiligo patients with positive anti-CMV IgM, while no significant upregulation in perilesional epidermis of vitiligo patients with negative anti-CMV IgM and in apparently healthy epidermis of vitiligo patients with positive anti-CMV IgM. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is vitiligo.