A 12-week trial which randomized 26 healthy pregnant women to take 480 mg or 930 mg/day choline for 12-weeks from 26–29 weeks gestation showed that there was statistically significant (30%) down-regulation of the antiangiogenic factor and preeclampsia risk marker fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in the placenta tissues. Here, FLT1 is linked to preeclampsia.