Moreover, APOLs are not only localized at the Golgi and the ER, but they also appear to be recruited to specific sites of the mitochondrial membrane, such as MERCs: (a) in both trypanosomes and podocytes, a fraction of APOL1 was detected on restricted sites of the mitochondrion [8, 10, 173], (b) APOL2 moves to MERCs during viral infection [78], and (c) APOLs interact with the mitophagy components cardiolipin, PHB and some autophagy proteins [8, 112, 137, 143]. Here, APOL1 is linked to viral infectious disease.