TGFB1 and neoplasm: TGF‐β signalling can induce profound immunosuppression, and it is secreted both by tumour cells and immune cells, in addition to other cells in the tumour microenvironment.19, 20 TGF‐β has the potential to drive the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of tumour cells, thereby further enhancing tumour progression.21 When TGFβ signalling is inhibited, this has been found to prevent certain advanced tumours from metastasizing or progressing further,22, 23 while TGF‐β1 itself can impair immune cell responsiveness24, 25 while promoting angiogenesis.26