Recently, a group used exo-AAV carrying the interferon-beta (IFN-β) gene and injected the vexosomes intravascularly, where they saw increased survival of mice that had glioblastomas compared to those treated with exo-AAV that did not contain IFN-β (Figure 5) (Volak et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and glioblastoma.