In NSCLC cohort, patients with high CD28 and low levels exosomal PD-L1 had a prolonged PFS (medianCD28, 2 vs. 10.7 months, P = 0.045; medianPD−L1, 2 vs. 8 months, P = 0.010; Figure 6A). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.