PIK3CA and melanoma: In particular, under hypoxia (117, 118) and normoxia (119), HIF-1α can increase the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which in turn leads to a glycolytic and invasive phenotype in melanoma cells in a EGFR-dependent manner with involvement of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway (117–119).