Kahlenberg et al. found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in lupus-affected macrophages, while LL-37 was shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X7 receptor-mediated potassium efflux (42). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and systemic lupus erythematosus.