As for HFD-induced renal inflammation and diabetes-associated renal failure, diabetic retinopathy is exacerbated by sustained P2X7 signaling causing proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β release and apoptosis of retinal microvessels (75), which can be limited by P2X7 pharmacological blockade (76). Here, P2RX7 is linked to diabetic retinopathy.