Although local concentrations of fibrillar Aβ found in the brain of AD patients may differ from Aβ concentrations in primary neurons used in experiments, the data on interrelationship between SMases, Cer accumulation and subsequent death of neurons and oligodendrocytes suggest that SMases may be perspective targets for drugs preventing neurodegenerative impairments in AD. Here, CBLN1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.