Thus, we investigated the effects of varying doses of IL-1β and/or TNFα (supplementary Note, supplementary Methods, supplementary Results, supplementary Fig. S1) on cell proliferation, cell migration, collagen gel contraction, mRNA and/or protein expression of collagen type I (Col I), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), which are commonly used methods for evaluating fibrosis4–12, in endometriotic and menstrual endometrial stromal cells of patients with endometriosis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and endometriosis.