ACHE and Parkinson disease: As an example, a hybrid photoelectrode for the evaluation of AChE inhibition by two endogenous neurotoxins ((R)-Sal and (R)-NMSal)—which have been believed to play a role in PD—was constructed by using nitrogen and fluorine co-doped TiO2 nanotubes (TNs), Ag nanoparticles and AChE [63].