Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of ι-, λ- and κ-carrageenans was demonstrated to be mediated through (i) increased levels of Bax: Bcl-2 ratio, (ii) promotion of caspase-dependent apoptosis [109,110,111], and (iii) inactivation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) along with the down-regulation of surviving, all of which are involved in the progression of cell proliferation [112]. The gene discussed is PCNA; the disease is neoplasm.