The vast majority, if not all patients with renal anemia require maintenance replacement therapy with human recombinants erythropoietin stimulating agents (rESA) such as epoetin, which is a recombinant form of erythropoietin, a hematologic growth factor that induces proliferation and maturation of red blood cells and is used in the treatment of anemia caused by renal disease.3 This evidence concerns the gene EPO and anemia.