For example, chemokine CXCL13 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13) and its receptor CXCR5 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5) associated with inflammatory response have been demonstrated directly to be a pivotal regulator in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy via ERK pathway (Liu et al., 2019). Here, CXCR5 is linked to diabetic neuropathy.