Our results showed that the intranasal rh-CSF1 at a dose of 80 μg/kg reduced cerebral infarction area, brain edema, negative geotaxis reflex time, and alleviated body weight loss effectively, accompanied by an increase CSF1 positive microglia, and attenuation of neuroinflammation at 48 h after HI. The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is brain infarction.