AKT1 and cancer: Akt activation occurs downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a lipid kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to produce phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and is linked to cellular transformation and human cancers [33,34].