MLC1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Our previous data indicating that MLC1 inhibits ERK1/2 activation in human astrocytoma cells, in primary mouse astrocytes [29,30,52], and, more recently, in astrocytes differentiated from patient-inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC, manuscript in preparation) strongly support the significant role played by these kinases in MLC brain dysfunctions.