TNF and Hypoalbuminemia: There were significant increases in plasma albumin in groups B (preoperative albumin infusion) and C (normal protein diet) compared with groups D and E (hypoalbuminemia) (ANOVA; P=0.01), whereas serum TNF-α, IL-1, and CRP levels in groups B and C were significantly reduced compared with those in groups D and E (ANOVA; P=0.01).