The data presented in Table 5 indicate that preoperative albumin infusion (group B), normal protein diet (group C), and postoperative albumin infusion (group D) all promoted an upregulation of EGFR, ERK1, ERK2, TGF-β, and collagen expression relative to the that in the hypoalbuminemia group (group E). Here, ALB is linked to Hypoalbuminemia.