To scrutinize how ZKSCAN3 promotes the progression of HCC in vitro, we transfected Hep3B with ZKSCAN3 overexpression vectors and HCCLM3 with lentivirus containing inhibitory ZKSCAN3 shRNA to perform gain- and loss-of-function experiments, respectively (P < 0.05, Fig. 2a, c). Here, ZKSCAN3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.