Of these 186 genes, 69 have been reported previously in published human TB-related signatures (Supplementary Table 3), including 68 previously reported for active TB (including CD274, IRF7, IFI6) [23–25, 27–35]; 5 in a 126-gene signature of LTBI (ADM, DUSP2, IER3, OSM, SOCS3; P < 0.011 for overlap) [33]; 4 in a 16-gene signature of incipient TB in those with LTBI (ANKRD22, BATF2, SERPING1, SCARF1; P < 0.001 for overlap), [10] and 2 in a 3-gene signature of incipient TB in TB contacts (BATF2 and SCARF1; P < 0.0001) [36]. Here, OSM is linked to tuberculosis.