IL2 and medical procedure: Oral administration of E. coli O86:B7 reduced the occurrence and severity of lung granulomas, with no effect in the fungal burden, suggesting a mechanism in which gut microbiota promotes disease tolerance in the lungs by preventing the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL2, IL6 and INFγ) and by decreasing the levels of anti-α-Gal Abs in response to A. fumigatus infection.