Moreover, EC exposure to VEGF-A induces the production and release of several hematopoietic growth factors including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF) and IL-6, which act as growth factors for hematopoietic cancers including MM [94,95]. Here, VEGFA is linked to hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm.