EPCAM and hepatocellular carcinoma: It is worth noting that this group of HCC lines shared common upregulated genes with the S1 HCC subtype identified by Hoshida et al. in primary HCC—characterized by mesenchymal characteristics/active TGF-β signaling—while the group of better-differentiated ones resembled subtypes S2 and S3, retaining a more hepatocyte-like phenotype while overexpressing certain hepatoblast markers like AFP and EPCAM [35].