PRKN and Parkinson disease: PD shows an early onset that arises due to mutations in Parkin (PARK2)- and PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK1), while late onset PD arises due to mutations in α-synuclein (SCNA), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) genes, leading to the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs; accumulation of α-synuclein and parkin substrate) [36,37,38,39,40].