COL1A1 and chronic pancreatitis: Our results are consistent with those of a previous study showing that retinoic acid-mediated suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses PSC activation as evidenced by inhibition of PSC proliferation and Col1a1 expression in vitro and by amelioration of PSC-mediated chronic pancreatitis and associated fibrosis in mice [11].