PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Since the advent of IMT [2], translational research has gravitated around IMT, nevertheless, clinical outcomes are still meager [191] and the recommendations for treatment of NSCLC relies on anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab) with or without chemotherapy [5].