MTOR and neoplasm: The malignant proliferation of tumour cells involves multiple signalling pathways, such as the JAK‐STAT signalling pathway,30 which is involved in many important biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation; the NF‐kB signalling pathway,31 which inhibits apoptosis and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumour; the Ras, PI(3)K and mTOR signalling pathways ,32, 33 which have been studied extensively and are associated with various tumours; and the classical Wnt 34 and BMP signalling pathways 35 among others.