KDR and colorectal cancer: In gallbladder and colorectal cancer, it has been confirmed that NCTD can inhibit angiogenesis, induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, downregulate the expression of angiogenic factors such as VEGF, VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2), Ang-2, and upregulate the expression of anti-angiogenic factors such as TSP and TIMP-2 [83–86].