Some experiments indicated that NCTD reduces the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by upregulating the transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 1) and inhibiting the transactivation of Sp1 (specificity protein 1), thereby inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells [77, 78]. This evidence concerns the gene SP1 and neoplasm.