TGFB1 and pemphigus foliaceus: In this study, it was found that (i) asiaticoside inhibits MMT and ROS generation in TGF-β1-treated HPMCs; (ii) the beneficial effect of asiaticoside on MMT is attributable to inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling, which has no effect on ROS; (iii) asiaticoside inhibited the TGF-β1-induced oxidative stress and Smad signaling via Nrf2 activation, thus preserving peritoneal membrane function and preventing PF (Fig. 8).