Recently, a large control-case study that included various neurodegenerative disorders confimed the importance of CSF NfL in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with cognitive impairment16: in particular, CSF NfL levels were increased in patients with a diagnosis of MCI, AD, FTD or ALS compared to controls, thus reflecting the intensity of neurodegenerative processes. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.