Our results showed that glycolytic enzymes (GCK, PFK, and PK) and glycogen synthesis-related proteins (p-GSK3β/GSK3β) were decreased, while hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes (G-6-P and PEPCK) were increased in T2DM rats and PA-treated L-O2 cells compared to their corresponding control groups (Fig. 2a–c, f–h). The gene discussed is GCK; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.