Immunoblotting analysis of lysates from ccRCC cells revealed that SALL4 knockdown decreased the levels of phosphoprotein markers of PI3K pathway activation (p-Akt, p-GSK3β) without altering the total protein levels in ACHN and 786-O cells (Fig. 5a, b). Here, SALL4 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.