CASP1 and major depressive disorder: Our data showed that stress stimuli significantly increased the protein expression of NLRP1, ASC, and caspase-1 (Fig. 1a–d), and also markedly increased the mRNA levels of NLRP1, ASC, and caspase-1 (Fig. 1e–g), indicating NLRP1 inflammasome was activated in stress-induced depression models.