CD4 and Granuloma: We found in vitro treatment of hepatic mononuclear cells from S. japonicum-infected mice with rSjp40 and rSjp90α resulted in an increase in the proportion of CD4+ cells (CD90.2+CD4+) (F(3, 12) = 115.0, both LSD: p < 0.0001) (Figure 6a,b); these cells orchestrate the development of granulomas in schistosomiasis [3].