This observation was further supported by experimental evidence of an ERα involvement in cancer cells proliferation and survival through the regulation of key-genes involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, transcription, and through the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, RAN signaling [75], activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Ras/MEK/ERK cascades [76,77]. Here, RAN is linked to cancer.