In multivariable Cox regression analyses, the association between EPO and all-cause death remained significant (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16-2.36; P=0.005) independent of adjustment for age, sex, BSA, eGFR, proteinuria, time since transplantation, presence of diabetes, SBP, total cholesterol, use of calcineurin inhibitors, proliferation inhibitors, ACE-inhibitors or ARB (Model 1). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is diabetes mellitus.