The present data suggest a specific role for NKB in mediating the influence of circulating oestrogen levels, but in the context of PCOS, it will be important to investigate the influence of obesity on kisspeptin and NKB modulation of GnRH secretion Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has also been implicated as a regulator of GnRH secretion (Cimino et al., 2016), and there may be effects of long-term increased hypothalamic exposure to AMH and oestradiol on the kisspeptin/NKB system and its interaction with other hypothalamic neurotransmitter pathways (Moore and Campbell, 2016). Here, GNRH1 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.