CXCL8 and infection: In addition, other chemokines which have the ability to attract more immunocompetent cells like neutrophils, monocytes, DCs, and T cells, that are released by the cells encounter infections upon treatment with LL-37, for instance, CCL4, CCL20, and C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 1 proved to be produced by primary monocytes [32], C-C motif ligand (CCL) 2 released by endothelial cells [33], CCL3 and CCL2 by mast cells [34], and a synergistic increase in CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL8 (IL-8), and CCL2 secretion upon LL-37 exposure to keratinocyte-fibroblast cocultures [35].