Four proteins (A0A0G2JWK7, P23457, P08721, and G3V9M6, with the gene names Tagln, Akr1c9, Spp1, and Fbn1, respectively) were upregulated, and four proteins (A0A0G2JSW3, B5DF57, P22791, and B0BNN3, with the gene names Hbb, Epb42, Hmgcs2, and Ca1, respectively) were downregulated in nephrolithiasis rats compared with the control rats. Here, HMGCS2 is linked to nephrolithiasis.