However, in 109 L1CAM positive cases (26 astrocytomas, 10 oligodendrogliomas, 18 anaplastic astrocytomas, 10 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and 45 glioblastomas), no one (0%) had a positive result of probe separation (red/green) (Figures 1(e) and 1(f)), indicating other mechanisms might lead to the strong expression of L1CAM in some glioma cases, rather than alteration of the RELA gene. Here, L1CAM is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).