These proteins, which are essential for permissive in vivo infection, function to inhibit the type 1 interferon (IFN) response, other elements of the immune system, and may contribute to the high incidence of secondary bacterial infections in RSV infections due to its interference with the immune system (Teng and Collins, 1999; Jin et al., 2000; Bossert and Conzelmann, 2002; Lo et al., 2005; Elliott et al., 2007; Ling et al., 2009; Verhoeven et al., 2014; Sun and Lopez, 2017). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is infection.