This in vitro system has been particularly useful for the study of innate immunity in IECs, since the PIE cell line highly expresses the antiviral PRRs TLR3 and responds to poly(I:C) stimulation by producing antiviral factors and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines resembling the response to rotavirus infection (Hosoya et al., 2011; Ishizuka et al., 2016; Kanmani et al., 2018a, b). This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and Rotavirus infection.