The ACE inhibitors ramipril and perindopril decrease the formation of angiotensin II, and in large clinical trials (HOPE, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation; EUROPA, European Trial on Reduction of Cardiac Events with Perindopril), have been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, heart failure, stroke and diabetes-related complications in aging, high-risk adults with vascular disease or diabetes (Yusuf et al., 2000; Fox, 2003). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is myocardial infarction.