We have previously reported that mitochondrial oxidative stress is induced by decreased superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) activities associated with a reduced intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and Sirt3 activity in the kidneys of type 2 diabetic rats [9]. The gene discussed is SIRT3; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.