Whereas the production of these cytokines was minimal (< 20 pg/ml in all cases) and comparable between the three groups of individuals analyzed when monocytes were unstimulated (medium alone) or when IL-33 was added to the culture medium, LPS-primed, and Aβ42-stimulated monocytes of AD and MCI patients produce significantly augmented quantities of IL-1β (median, AD = 230 ng/ml; MCI = 140 ng/ml ) compared to HC (median, 62 ng/ml; AD vs. HC p = 0.006; MCI vs. HC p = 0.03). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Alzheimer disease.